Complete Guide to Commercial Driver's Licenses

A Commercial Driver's License (CDL) is required to operate large or heavy vehicles in the United States. This guide covers everything you need to know about CDL classes, endorsements, and requirements.

CDL Classes

There are three classes of CDLs, each allowing you to operate different types of vehicles:

Class A CDL

The most versatile license, required for:

Typical jobs: OTR driver, regional driver, tanker driver, flatbed driver

Class B CDL

Required for single vehicles over 26,001 lbs GVWR, or towing a trailer under 10,000 lbs:

Typical jobs: Delivery driver, bus driver, dump truck operator

Class C CDL

Required for vehicles designed to transport 16+ passengers (including driver) or hazardous materials:

CDL Endorsements

Endorsements expand what you can legally haul. Each requires passing an additional knowledge or skills test:

Code Endorsement Allows You To
H Hazardous Materials Transport hazardous materials (requires TSA background check)
N Tank Vehicle Drive tank vehicles (liquid or gas cargo)
P Passenger Transport passengers (buses)
S School Bus Operate school buses
T Double/Triple Trailers Pull double or triple trailers
X HazMat + Tank Combination of H and N endorsements

How to Get Your CDL

  1. Meet basic requirements: Be at least 18 (21 for interstate), have a valid driver's license, pass a DOT physical
  2. Get your Commercial Learner's Permit (CLP): Pass the written knowledge tests at your DMV
  3. Complete training: Attend a CDL school or company-sponsored training program
  4. Pass the skills test: Pre-trip inspection, basic controls, and road test
  5. Apply for your CDL: Submit paperwork and fees to your state DMV

Entry-Level Driver Training (ELDT)

As of February 2022, new CDL applicants must complete ELDT from a registered training provider. This includes:

Medical Requirements

All CDL holders must pass a DOT physical examination and maintain a valid Medical Examiner's Certificate. The exam covers:

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